Life on earth has been thriving for about 4.5 billion years. The increasing variety of living organisms and their relationships with each other over this period is known as biodiversity. The preservation of this diversity is crucial for the continuity of life on our planet.

What is biodiversity, which is crucial for the life of all organisms? Why is biodiversity conservation important? What is SOCAR Türkiye doing to protect biodiversity? We have compiled the answers to these questions for you.

What is biodiversity?

Biodiversity refers to the variety of species, the genetic differences between them, the differences in their habitats and their relationships with each other.

The concept of biodiversity, which is made up of the words 'biological' and 'diversity", comprises three elements:

• Biodiversity: This concept refers to the different types of organisms that live in a particular region. Each species has specific structures, lifestyles, different characteristics and ecological functions. For example, although tigers, elephants and birds live in the same region, they have different characteristics and ecological functions. The measurement of biodiversity is often based on the total number of species within certain geographical boundaries.
• Genetic diversity: Genetic diversity comprises the genetic differences between individuals of the same species. These differences are crucial for organisms to develop resistance to diseases, adaptability and the evolution of species. For example, two trees of the same species may have different genetic structures that allow one to survive in dry conditions while the other can thrive in colder climates.
• Ecosystem diversity: An ecosystem represents the natural balance created by the interactions between living organisms in a particular geographic region. Ecosystem diversity shows the variety of ecosystems in different geographical areas. Ecosystems such as forests, lakes, grasslands, deserts and oceans are home to different plants, animals and microorganisms. Each ecosystem has its unique characteristics and functions. Forests, for instance, produce oxygen, regulate the water cycle and maintain carbon balance.

Why is Preserving Biodiversity Important?

The existence of biodiversity preserves the continuity and resilience of natural life by enabling diverse organisms to coexist and maintain a natural balance. Human access to fundamental resources like food and medicine is also reliant on biodiversity. Therefore, preserving biodiversity plays a crucial role in securing the future of both nature and humanity.

What is SOCAR Türkiye Doing to Preserve Biodiversity?

At SOCAR Türkiye, we prioritize the preservation of biodiversity. We are aware of the naturally occurring environmental impacts resulting from our activities. We understand the significance of natural diversity in ecosystems for the continuity of all life on Earth and sustainable development. Acknowledging our responsibilities towards the environment and society, we continue our efforts to preserve biodiversity.

In this context, we published our study titled 'SOCAR Türkiye’s Position on Biological Diversity' in 2021. As committed in our biodiversity policy, we conducted biological diversity examinations in both terrestrial and marine environments within the Refinery and Petrochemical Industry Zone with the participation of local and international experts. Based on the field findings, we prepared the Biological Diversity Assessment Report.

Utilizing the data obtained from field findings, we developed the SOCAR Türkiye Biological Diversity Action Plan for areas where significant potential impacts on local ecosystems and biological diversity could occur.

Preserving biological diversity is our shared responsibility. Therefore, in the regions where we operate, we continue to take actions consistent with our action plan to protect biological diversity. We work for a better tomorrow fueled by today's energy.